"gruwon" meaning in All languages combined

See gruwon on Wiktionary

Verb [Old Dutch]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn. Etymology templates: {{inh|odt|gmw-pro|*grūwēn}} Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn Head templates: {{head|odt|verb|cat2=|head=*grūwon|sort=}} *grūwon, {{odt-verb|head=*grūwon}} *grūwon Inflection templates: {{odt-conj-wk2|grūw}} Forms: grūwon [canonical], weak [table-tags], grūwon [infinitive], grūwo [first-person, present, singular], grūwon [first-person, present, singular], grūwoda [first-person, past, singular], grūwos [present, second-person, singular], grūwodos [past, second-person, singular], grūwot [present, singular, third-person], grūwoda [past, singular, third-person], grūwon [first-person, plural, present], grūwodon [first-person, past, plural], grūwot [plural, present, second-person], grūwodot [past, plural, second-person], grūwont [plural, present, third-person], grūwodon [past, plural, third-person], grūwe [first-person, present, singular], grūwodi [first-person, past, singular], grūwis [present, second-person, singular], grūwodis [past, second-person, singular], grūwe [present, singular, third-person], grūwodi [past, singular, third-person], grūwin [first-person, plural, present], grūwodin [first-person, past, plural], grūwit [plural, present, second-person], grūwodit [past, plural, second-person], grūwin [plural, present, third-person], grūwodin [past, plural, third-person], grūwo [present, singular], grūwot [plural, present], participle [plural], grūwondi [present], grūwot [past], gigrūwot [past]
  1. to be frightened, to be horrified Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gruwon-odt-verb-4k-5-x3K Categories (other): Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "gruwen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "word": "gruwen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "gruwen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "word": "grouwen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "grue"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "gruen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*grūwēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "participle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwondi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gigrūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "*grūwon",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*grūwon",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "*grūwon"
      },
      "expansion": "*grūwon",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grūw"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/gruwon",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be frightened, to be horrified"
      ],
      "id": "en-gruwon-odt-verb-4k-5-x3K",
      "links": [
        [
          "frightened",
          "frightened"
        ],
        [
          "horrified",
          "horrified"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwon"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "gruwen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "word": "gruwen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "gruwen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "word": "grouwen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "grue"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "gruen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*grūwēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grūwēn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "participle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwondi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gigrūwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "*grūwon",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*grūwon",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "*grūwon"
      },
      "expansion": "*grūwon",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grūw"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/gruwon",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Dutch basic verbs",
        "Old Dutch class 2 weak verbs",
        "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Dutch lemmas",
        "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Dutch verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be frightened, to be horrified"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frightened",
          "frightened"
        ],
        [
          "horrified",
          "horrified"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwon"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gruwon meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.